21st Century Industrial Arts:

Semiconductors will be to the 21st century and the transition to an information society as steel was to the 20th century and the industrial revolution.

The semiconductor industry’s evolution in some sense parallels the changes in computers and the Internet. In the late 1960s computers were mainframes, and the first implementation of the Internet started as the Arpanet, where military and academic researchers shared and obtained information through the first Internet application, e-mail. The development and deployment of e-mail application has become so widespread that information transfer and inter-connectivity are becoming universal and expected everywhere.

The second wave of computers and the Internet started in the mid 1980s with personal computers and the beginning of the World Wide Web. In the late 1990s this generated a new way of transacting business, e-business. The ability to do business without a local physical presence has led to great flexibility and a concomitant reduction in costs, changes that will affect the roots of society as more companies provide information and services through e-mail and home pages instead of through buildings and people.

The third wave, he continued, will be driven by Internet appliances and many e-commerce applications, and the changes in business models will be reflected within societies. Although everything will have computers associated with them, the computers will be as different from PCs as the PCs were from mainframes.

Some of the major trends driving the industry will derive from the increases in home networking, office functions and mobile applications. Home applications will need system-on-chip levels of integration to meet cost and power requirements; the upshot will be that more than half of large ICs will be SoC device. Working with IC solutions will be the best possible start when it comes to proving your ideas and moving toward high volume industrial product development.

WDC IC’s:

DataSheet RoHS Green Programming Manual IC Package Types Where to Buy

The W65C02S is a low power 8–bit microprocessor utilized in a vast array of products for the Automotive, Consumer, Industrial, and Medical markets. This chip features a full external data (8–bit) and address (16–bit) bus for easy integration with 8–bit peripherals and memory.

Features of the W65C02S

• 8−bit data bus
• 16−bit Address Bus 65Kbyte Memory and IO Space
• 69 Variable Length Instructions
• 16 Addressing Modes
• 1.8−5V Operating Voltage
• Fully Static for Power and Radiation Management
• Verilog RTL Core Available for FPGA Development

DataSheet RoHS Green Programming Manual IC Package Types Where to Buy

The W65C816S extends the 65xx technology family to handle 16–bit processing with a 16MB memory space while its emulation mode allows complete hardware and software compatibility with 64KB 6502 designs. The New Direct Register and stack relative addressing provides capability for re–entrant, re–cursive and re–locatable programming.

Features of the W65C816S

• 8−bit data bus
• 24−bit Address Bus 16Mbyte Memory and IO Space
• 16−bit ALU, Accumulator, Stack Pointer and Index Registers
• 91 Variable Length Instructions
• 24 Addressing Modes
• 1.8−5V Operating Voltage
• 14MHz Operating Bus Speed
• Valid Data Address (VDA) and Valid Program Address (VPA) for cycle steal DMA implementation
• Abort (ABORTB) input and associated vector for processor repairs of bus error conditions
• Separate program and data bank registers for program segmentation or full 16 MByte linear addressing
• Direct Register and stack relative addressing for re−entrant, re−cursive and re−locatable programming
• Block Move Instructions
• Fully Static for Power and Radiation Management
• Verilog RTL Core Available for FPGA Development

MicroComputer ICs

DataSheet RoHS Green Programming Manual IC Package Types Where to Buy

The W65C134S is a feature rich 8–bit microcomputer based on the W65C02 with an advanced (originally designed for life support) Serial Interface Bus (SIB) token passing local area network for multi–W65C134S processor systems. The W65C134S has a full external memory bus (8–bit data and 16–bit address bus) for flexible system design. This MCU has an embedded debug monitor ROM with a library of routines that can help you reduce development time.

Features of the W65C134S

• Full Software Selectable External Memory Bus
• 8−bit Data Bus
• 16−bit Address Bus
• 65Kbyte Memory and Memory Mapped IO Space
• Fully Static for Power and Radiation Management
• 8MHz Operating Bus Speed
• Industrial temperature range
• 2.8V − 5.5V power supply
• 56 CMOS compatible I/O lines
• 4096 x 8 Embedded Monitor ROM
• 192 x 8 On−Chip Static RAM
• Power management features
• 22 priority encoded interrupts
• UART 7/8−bit w/wo odd or even parity
• Serial Interface Bus (SIB) for Token Passing LAN
• 4 x 16 bit timer/counter
• Watch Dog Timer
• 8 Decoded Chip Select outputs
• Time of Day (ToD) clock features

DataSheet RoHS Green Programming Manual IC Package Types Where to Buy

For applications in production that require in-system diagnostics, the W65C265S is a perfect solution, featuring internal system monitor ROM. If you need robust math for applications in sensing, such as pressure, temperature, revolutions per minute, flow monitoring and control, variable climate control or other systems for scientific, automotive, communications, home appliance/automation, then you’ll benefit from our ANSI Standard C compiler.

Features of the W65C265S

• Full Software Selectable External Memory Bus
• 8−bit Data Bus
• 24−bit Address Bus
• 16Mbyte Memory and Memory Mapped IO Space
• Fully Static for Power and Radiation Management
• 8MHz Operating Bus Speed
• Commercial temperature range
• 2.8V − 5.5V power supply
• 56 CMOS compatible I/O lines
• 8192 x 8 Embedded Monitor ROM
• 576 x 8 On−Chip Static RAM
• Power management features
• 29 priority encoded interrupts
• 4 UARTs with 7/8−bit w/wo odd or even parity
• Parallel Interface Bus (PIB) for Multi−processor Communications
• Time of Day (ToD) clock features
• 8 x 16 bit timer/counters
• Watch Dog Timer
• Software Controlled 4x Bus Speed Shifting for slow memory or peripherals

Peripheral ICs

DataSheet RoHS Green Programming Manual IC Package Types Where to Buy

The W65C22S 8/16 bit Versatile Interface Adapter (VIA) is a flexible I/O device similar to the W65C21. In addition to I/O, the W65C22 provides two programmable 16–bit Interval Timer/Counters with latches and synchronous serial interface shift register. The W65C22 is available in both CMOS and NMOS compatible versions.

Features of the W65C22

• 2 x 8−bit, bi−directional peripheral I/O Ports
• 2 x 16−bit programmable Interval Timer/Counters
• Synchronous Serial bi−directional peripheral I/O Port
• Enhanced “Handshake” feature works with either 8− or 8/16−bit systems
• Latched Input/Output Registers on both I/O Ports
• Programmable Data Direction Registers
• TTL compatible I/O peripheral lines
• 1.8V(W65C22S only) − 5V Power Supply
• Bus compatible with 14 MHz W65C02S and W65C816S
• Compatible with the 65xx and 68xx family of microprocessors
• Replacement for Rockwell / GTE / CMD / Synertek / MO

W65C22S/W65C22N Differences

• The W65C22S is lower power, faster and direct drive outputs with no current limiting resistors on outputs ports.
• The W65C22N is plug replacement of NMOS 6522 devices with current limiting resistors on output ports.
• The W65C22N does not have bus holding devices on the input, IO pins.
• The W65C22N IRQB is an open drain output that CAN be Wire-ORd, unlike the totem-pole output of the W65C22S (some customers have had to use a diode in series with the IRQB output when using the W65C22S in their systems that had Wire-ORd interrupts).

DataSheet RoHS Green Programming Manual IC Package Types Where to Buy

The W65C21 Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA), a flexible I/O device, has been used successfully with many different microprocessor families especially the 65xx, 68xx/68xxx and x86 microprocessors. Two program controlled 8–bit bi–directional (bit programmable) peripheral I/O ports allow direct interfacing between the microprocessor and selected peripheral units with manual or interrupt driven hand–shaking. The W65C21 is available in both CMOS and NMOS compatible versions.

Features of the W65C21

• 2 x 8−bit bidirectional I/O ports with individual data direction control
• Automatic “Handshake” control of data transfers
• 2 Interrupt outputs with program control
• Static to 14MHz operation, with high speed Port A, CA2 outputs
• 40 Pin Plastic Dip and 44 Pin Plastic PLCC versions
• 5V Power Supply
• Bus compatible with 14 MHz W65C02S and W65C816S
• Compatible with the 65xx and 68xx family of microprocessors
• Replacement for Motorola/Freescale / Rockwell / AMI / MOS Technology / MOSTEK / HITACHI / ST Microelectronics / GTE / CMD, 6520, 6521, 6820, 6821, PIA′s

W65C21N/W65C21S Differences

• The W65C21S is lower power, faster and direct drive outputs with no current limiting resistors on outputs ports and TTL input thresholds.
• The W65C21N is plug replacement of NMOS 6521 and 6821 devices with current limiting resistors on outputs ports and TTL input thresholds.
• The W65C21N Port A input buffers supply 200uA pull-up current at 2.4V in the input mode, while the W65C21S Port A input buffers supply 50uA pull-up current at 2.4V in the input mode.

DataSheet RoHS Green Programming Manual IC Package Types Where to Buy

The WDC CMOS W65C51N Asynchronous Communications Interface Adapter (ACIA) provides an easily implemented, program controlled interface between microprocessor based systems and serial communication data sets and modems.

Features of the W65C51N

• Full duplex operation with buffered receiver and transmitter
• Data set/modem control functions
• Internal baud rate generator with 15 programmable baud rates (50 to 19,200)
• Program−selectable internally or externally controlled receiver rate
• Programmable word lengths, number of stop bits and parity bit generation and detection
• Programmable interrupt control
• Program reset
• Program−selectable serial echo mode
• 2 Chip Selects
• 14 MHz Operating Bus Speed
• 5V Power Supply
• Full TTL compatibility
• Bus compatible with 14 MHz W65C02S and W65C816S
• Bus Compatible with 65xx and 68xx microprocessors
• Not a direct replacement for legacy systems

Share Resources for  Your Projects:

Work Smarter with Mouser Tools: Project and Cart Sharing

Sometimes, sharing is hard. Second graders know it and so do we. That’s why we’ve created Project and Cart Sharing, which are two new features that enable you to collaborate with others more efficiently. When you’re shopping on mouser.com, you can either add items to your Project Manager or add them directly to your Cart. Though both platforms store the items you need, each serves its own purpose.

Making IT HAPPEN:

Makers who use 65xx technology for Consumer Product Development have made the world we know today!

From early Apple I days to modern day single board computers, 65xx technology has been at the heart of the Maker market. The 65xx microprocessors continue to be of interest for current hobby systems, redesigns or upgrades of Apple, Acorn, Atari, Nintendo, and Commodore PC and video game systems. In short, the 65xx microprocessing systems are fun and educational. We encourage you to use your imagination and make something fun and exciting. WDC has been working to provide new Standard chip Xxcelr8r Boards or SXB Boards to help your creations come alive. The XMOD and XKIT series can work with our boards and some may work with your custom boards.

65xx Maker Resources

6502.org – An awesome resource for anyone interested in 65xx hardware and software. They have projects, code, forums and more!

Make – Plethora of information for Makers of all sorts.

Makerspace Directory – Extensive World-Wide directory of Makerspaces.

What’s a Makerspace?

To describe them simply, Makerspaces are community centers with tools. Makerspaces combine manufacturing equipment, community, and education for the purposes of enabling community members to design, prototype and create manufactured works that wouldn’t be possible to create with the resources available to individuals working alone. These spaces can take the form of loosely-organized individuals sharing space and tools, for-profit companies, non-profit corporations, organizations affiliated with or hosted within schools, universities or libraries, and more. All are united in the purpose of providing access to equipment, community, and education, and all are unique in exactly how they are arranged to fit the purposes of the community they serve.

Makerspaces represent the democratization of design, engineering, fabrication and education. They are a fairly new phenomenon, but are beginning to produce projects with significant national impacts.

Show off your Project to WDC!

Your project could be the future and as it has proven for generations 65xx technology is a great place to start. We at WDC would like you to share your project with us so that we can present it through our social media outlets to other enthusiasts. Also we would like to evaluate your project to determine if we can help support your efforts given that WDC is the only world wide IP provider who has now produced a series of development boards.